• Most of the rural water treatment solutions in India are conventional which require continuous human intervention and lack consistency.

• Sampling of drinking water sources shows that large numbers of water sources are contaminated and cause health hazards.

• Reasons for contamination range from irregular chlorination by village gram panchayats, punctured pipelines and improper functioning of water chlorination systems.

• There is no plausible solution for hand pump water purification.

• The accuracy of the chlorine level dosing is seldom monitored.

• Thus, there is either under-dosing or over-dosing of chlorine leading to various consequences.

• Need daily Preparation

• Need continuous human intervention

• Energy intensive

• Need proper maintenance and operation

• Some solutions need High capital costs

Imperative: There is a need for an inexpensive, low maintenance device that provides safe water to communities at affordable costs for rural, small habitations and other small communities, especially for water systems where safety and security are particularly important considerations.

Besides this, water also might require filtration especially in monsoon. However, the filters installed in rural areas are not maintained properly (no regular back wash etc) and they very often get choked quickly and affect both water flow and disinfection.